Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899 –1961) was an American
author and journalist whose economical and understated style had a strong influence
on 20th-century fiction. His life of
adventure and his public image influenced later generations as well as forming
the subjects of a number of his works. Hemingway
produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. In 1954 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature
(such an award being for the recipient’s overall work as a whole, not for an
individual work). Shortly after the
publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, Hemingway went on safari
to Africa, where he was almost killed in a plane crash that left him in pain or
ill-health for much of the rest of his life. In 1961, suffering from medical
ailments, financial worries and depression, he committed suicide.
He was an old man who fished
alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now
without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But
after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man
was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of
unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught
three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in
each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either
the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around
the mast. The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the
flag of permanent defeat.
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